List of common words
                           
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Gothic

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List of
common words

West & East Germanic
West Germanic, II
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East Indo-European


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List of common words - West & East Germanic

 

This list of everyday words shows the similarity between Indo-European languages.

Download this list in Excel 97 file format: list.xls.


English Old English Old Saxon Low German Gothic Germanic
age ealdor aldar oller aldr aldra
allow geunnan, alyfan
verlöven, verläuven uslaubjan uzlaubija
and and endi, anda un uh, iþ, jah unþi, anþi
apple æppel appul appel apel aplu
ask biddan biddian bidden bidjan bedja
ask fregnan, frignan, frinan fragon frogen fraíhnan fregna
axe œcse akus äksen aqizi akwesjo
axle eax ahsa


barley beow, bere gersta gasten baris gersto
be wesan wesan suin wisan bu, es, wesan
be called hatan hetan hoeden haitan haita
be happy, be glad gefeon, fægnian, fagnian faganon, faginon fröwwen faginon, gifehan fahjan, fehan, manþjan
be of use nyttian dugan nütten botjan, dugan nutjan
beach strand
strand
strando
become weorþan werthan warrn waírþan werþq-
bee beo, bio bina, bi imm
bijon, bion
begin beginnan biginnan anfangen duginnan genna
big micel (/tsch/), great grot graut, graude aírmans, mikils, mera, mereis, mikilaba grauta
birch beorc birka, bôkia bark *bairka
bird fugel fugal fuogel fugls fugla
black sweart swart swatt, swadde swarts swarta
blue blæwen blao bloe *blews blæwa-
boat bat
boot ./.
bread bread, hlaf brod braut, braue, braie hlaifs brauda, hlaiba
bright leohte, beorhtlic, beorht lioht helle, lecht baírhts, liuhts
bring bringan brengian bringen briggan, gataujan brenga
brother broþor brodar breor, broör broþar broþer
brown brun brun briun bruns bruna-
but ac ac owwer ak, auk, iþ abur-, abar-
buy ciepan, bycgan kopian kaupen kaupon, bugjan kaupo-
can magan, cunnan kunnan küönen (haban, magan) knean, kunnan, motan, mugan
carry beran beran, dragan dregen, böhren baíran, dragan
cat cat, catt



choose ceosan (/tsch/) kiosan wälen kiusan, waljan walija
cloud wolcen wolkan wulk, wolk milhma wulkna
coal col
kualen haúri kula-
cold ceald kald kault, kaule kalds kalda-
come cuman kuman kuomen qiman kwema-
comfort frofor frobra traust trausti trausta
cook cocnian, brædan, cocsian
kuaken *siudan
copper copor, coper
kuaper

cow cu ko keo, koögge kalbo kwou-, kou
dark deorc, deagol dunkar duüster riqizeins denkw-
daughter dohtor, dohtar, dohter dohtar dochter, deern daúhtar duhter
day dæg dag dagg dags dagaz
deem þyncan thunkian
þugkjan þunkja
die, starve steorfan stervan stiarwen gadauþnan, gaswiltan sterba
do fremman, don don deon taujan Do
dog hund hund ruüe, ruüens hunds hunda
door duru duri duür daúro dur
drink drincan drinkan drinken drigkan drenka
ear eare ôra
auso
earth eorþe ertha ern aírþa erþo
east east ostana oosten austra, urruns austa
eat etan etan iaden itan eta
edge ecg (/dsch/) eggia kant bôta agjo
eight eahta ahto achte ahtau ahtau
eighteen eahtatîene
achtein

eighty eahtatig ahtoda, ahtedeg achtig ahtautêhund
eleven endleofan ellevan elwe ainlif ainalif
empire rice (/tsch/) riki riek reiki rikja
end ende endi enne, ennens andeis andija
enemy feond fiand feend, fiend fijands fijænd
escape flyman, fleam, flyht fluht flucht þlauhs fluhti
every æghwylc, gehwylc, æghwæder iehwedar, iahwedar joeder ainshun, alls, harjizuh aiwingihewþera
evil yfel ubil awel, üöwel ubils ubila
eye eage oga auge augo augon
faithful, loyal trywe, treow treuwa tro, tru triggws hulþa, trewa
fall, autumn, (harvest) hærfest hervist hiarfst
harbista
false fals, unriht fêkni, luggi falsk galiug
fame, glory mærðo, ar hrom
doms, hroms, hroþ, hoftuli hroma doma, domaz
family cynn, hiw-, mægþ hiwiski famuilje gards
fare faran faran foören faran fara
fast snell, snel, cwic, cwicu, hræthe snel tenger adrs, snills, sniums, sprauto snella
father fæder fadar bawwe, fadder fadar, atta fader
feel fêlan folian
tekan, attekan
field feld feld faild, faile, failer fulþ, haiþi felþa
fifteen fiftîene
fofftein fimftaíhun
fifty fiftig fiftig fofftig fimf tigjus
find findan findan fuinen finþan fenþa-
fire brand, fyr fiur, eld fuür fôn ailida, fon, fuir, fur, tandron
fish fisc fisk fisk fisks fiska
five fif fif fuiwe fimf femf
flood flod flod fleot flodus, garunjo flodam, flodi
flower bloma blomo, wurt bleome blôma blomam, blomon, bloman, blomaz
fog neowol, nifol nebal niewel *nibls nebula
foot fot fot feot, foöde fotus fotu
forty fêowertig fiwartig veertig fidwor tigjus
four feower fiuwar, fiwar, fier, fior foer fidwor fedwor
fourteen fêowertîene
veertein fidwortaíhun
Friday frigdæg
fruidagg pareinsdags
friend wine, freond friund fründ, frünne frijonds frijond
gift gifu geba gawen fragifts, giba gebo, gefti
give gifan, sellan geban giewen giban geba, geban, geftjan
glass glæs glas glass, glase, gliaser !glas glasa
go faran, gangan, gongan, gan gan, lidan gon akan, faran, gaggan, galeiþan gæ, gagæn, gangan
god god god gott, guat guþ guþ-
gold gold gold gold, golle gulþ gulþa
golden gylden guldin gollen gulþeins gulþina
good god god geot, geoe, godde gods, goþs goda
grab gefon gripan gruipen greipan, dissitan, gafahan gafanhan, farfanhan
green grene groni groön groneis groni-
grey græg, greg grâ, grê gruis grews, *greiseis græwa, djræwaz
hair hær hâr
tagl
hammer hamer, homer, hamor hamar, hamur hamer
hamara
hand hand, hond hand hand, hänne handus handu
happy blithe fra froh fagins, fahs, fraus, gails, glad, swegns, wizneigs frawa
harbour, haven hæfen, hæfene
haven, hoven, haav

have habban hebbian häwwen haban habæ
he he he hoe, he his, is eiz
head cuppe hôbid kopp háubiþ haubida, habuda
head heafod, hafud hobid hööft, häuft haubiþ haubida
hear hyran horian hairen hausjan hauzija
heart heorte herta hadde hairto herton
heat hæte hitti hidde heito hitjo
heaven heofon himil hiemel himins himena
help helpan helpan helpen hilpan helpa
hero hæle, hæleþ helid

halud
hit, strike slean slahan slon slahan slaha
hold healdan haldan haulen haldan halda
holy halig helag sünne hailags hailaga
honor ar era ehr, ihr aiza, hauheins, swerei, sweriþa aizo
hope hyht, hopa
hapen, hopen, höpen lubains, wens hupo
hope hopian wânian huapen luban, wenjan hopo
horse, palfrey mearh *marh piard, piare marhs
hundred hundred, hund hund hunnert hund, taíhuntêhund hunda
hunger hungor hungar schmacht huhrus hungru
hurry ofost, ofest, ofst obast iel, hast, spood snium-? spodi, rasa
I ic ik ik ik ek, ekan
if hwanne hwan, hwanna wenn jabai hwa-
iron isern, isen, iren isarn uisen eisarn isarna
isle éalond
insel

it hit, hyt it et ita, hita id
king cynn, cyning (/k/) kuning küönik þiudans kuninga
know witan witan wieden witan knæwa, kannjan, knean, kno, kanneja-
know cnow kennian kennen kunnan wait
lamp, light leoht, candel lioht lücht, lüücht lukarn, skeima
land land, eard land land land landam, lendjo-
language spræc sprâka
razda
leather leder ledar liar fill leþra
left wenstre, winestre winistar links hleiduma
let lettan lâtan
letan
let go (of) forlætan losian
galausjan
lie licgan liggian luiggen ligan ligjan
light leohtan liohtian, liuhtian lüchten liuhtjan leuhtija
light leoht lioht lecht liuhaþ
lightning lieg, léoma liomo
lauhmuni
little lytel, clæne kleni, luttik kloen, lütk leitils, smals klaini
live libban, lifgan, lifian, leofian libbian liewen liban libæ
load, burden hlæst
last baúrþei, kaúrei, kauriþa hlasti
love lufian, friogan, friþian frâhian, minnion loefhäwwen frijon frijon, leubon
make macian makon maken waurkjan, taujan mako
make wyrcan, wirkan wirkian schapen gaskapjan, skapjan skapjan, skapon
man guma, mann, manna, monn, monna, hæle, hæled man, helid, gumo, wer mann manna, waír, guma manon
may motan, þurfan thurban drüöwen þaúrban, gadaursan þarf, þurb
mead meodu medo


milk milc, meolc, meoluc miluk mialke miluks meluk
Monday monandæg
Mondagg

money feoh, gild, gyld (geld) geld, gelle skatts feohe, gelda
month mônþ, mônaþ mânuth
menoþs
moon mona mano mone mena mænon, glema
mother modor modar meor, mudder aiþei moder
mountain munt, beorg berg barg faírgun, faírguni berga
mouse mûs mûs


name nama namo naam, noom namo namon
need þurfan thurban
þaúrban þurban
neighbor neahgebur, nehebur nâhbûr, gibûr nower garazna næhwa-gabur
night niht naht nacht nahts naht
nine nigon nigun niegen niun newun
nineteen nigontîene niguntein negentein

ninety nigontig
negentig niuntêhund
no nan nen keen, neen nih
north norþ north noorden, noord naur- norþa
nose neosu, nosu



old eald, ald ald ault, aule alþeis alda
one an en oene ains sem, ainaz
or oðða, oððer ettho odder aíþþau
ore âr arut
aiz
own, have agan egan besidden anahaban, haban bisetjan, bisitjan
ox oxa

auhsa
pig swîn swîn
swein swîna
plough, plow plog ploog pleog plogs plog-
rain regn regan regen, rägen rign regna, regnam
ready gearu garo parot arus, funs, gamanwiþs, manwuba, skafts raida, garaidja, manwu
red read rod raut, raue rauþs rauda-
remember gemunan munan
gamunan, sik andþagkjan, gamaudjan munen, maudjan
request ben beda beed, bääd bida beda
right riht, rihte
rechts taihswa
river fleot, riþig, ryne, stream fluti stroom, strööm ahva, runs
rye ryge roggo, rokko rowwe rugi rugon
sail segl segel segel

salt sealt salt solt salt salta
Saturday sæterdæg
Soderdagg sabbato
say secgan sedza, sidza soeggen qiþan sagæ
sea seo, seu meer saiws marja
sea mere meri meer marei saiwi
search secth, secan sokian soöken sokjan sokeja
secret dyrne, dierne derni geheem, geheme analaugniba, ana-láugns, fulgins daugana, daugala
see ongytan, geseon, seon sehan soen saíhvan sehwa
see locian skawon, skawoian

skauwo-, logen, skawwon, sku, wleitan
seven seofon sibun siewen sibun sebun
seventeen seofontîene
söbentein

seventy seofontig sibuntig söbentig sibuntêhund
shall sculan, sceal scal sollen skal skal-, skul-
she heo, hio, hie siu se si
sheep scêap scâp
lamb
ship scip skip schepp skip skipa
shovel scofl skufla schoöfel skaúro skuflo
show tæcan, getæcan tôgian, wisian wiesen teihan taiha
silver seolfor silubar, siluvar sülwer silubr
sin synn sundia sünn þlauhs sundi, sundjo
sister sweostor swestar süster swistar swester
sit sittan sittian sidden sitan setja
six siex, six sehs sesse saíhs sehs
sixteen siextîene sehstein sostein

sixty siextig
sostig saíhs tigjus
sleep slæpan slaapan slopen slepan slæpa
snow snaw sne, sneo snoe snaiws snaiwa
son sunu sunu suone sunus sunu
soul sawol seola, sela seel saiwala saiwalo
south suþ (Adverb) sud suüden sunþ- sunþa
speak sprecan, cwiddian sprekan spriaken aikan, qiþan, rodjan spreka
spear spere sper
asks, gails, gais speru
speech spræc (/tsch/) spraka snack raþjo raþjon
spring lengten léntin froöjor

spring wiell gispring born, spring brunna
stand standan stân stahn standan
star steorra, gimm, tungol sterro, hevantungal steern, stiern staírnô sternon, sternan, sterron
stone stan sten stoen stains staina
street stræt strata strode gatwô, plabja strata
strong strang, stearc stark stark abrs, mahteigs, starks, mikils starku
such swylc, swilc, swelc sulik süök swaleiks swæleika
summer sumer sumar sommer asans sumera
sun sunna, sunne sunna sunne sunno, sáuil sunno
Sunday sunnandæg sunnondag Sunndagg fraujins-dags
take niman niman, neman niemen niman nema
tell secgan, tellan seggian fertellen, snacken qiþan, gateihan taljan, talon, spellon
ten tien, tyn, ten tehan toeggen taíhun tehun
thank þanc thank
þagks
they hie, hi, hig, hy siu se eis i
think þencan, hycgan thenkjan denken þagkjan þankija
thirst þurst thurst dost þaúrstei þurstu
thirteen ðrêotîene, -têne, -tyne
dörtein

thirty ðrîtig thrîtig dörtig *þreis tigjus
thousand ðûsend thûsend, thusundig dusend þûsundi
three þri thria, thrie, threa droee þreis, þrija (neutr.) þrejez
through þurh thurh, thuru dörch, dör þairh
thunder þunor thunar donner, dunner þeihvo þunra
Thursday þunres dæg
donnerdagg paintedags
time tid, tima, byre, hwil tid tuit aiws, mel, þeihs hwilo, tidi, timo
to suited, be of use dugan, deah dugan düögen dugan daug
today hiodæg, dægþerlic hindag, hiudu, hudigu fandage himma daga
token tacen tekan toeken taikn taikna-
tomorrow morgen, to morgene an morgan muaren du maurgina, gistradagis [!]
tree beam bom baum, beime bagms bauma, bagma
true wær war wor wereis, sunjeins wæra
Tuesday Tiwesdæg
dingsdagg areinsdags
twelve twelf twelif twialve twalif twalifa
twenty twêntig twentig twintig twai tigjus
two twegen twene, two, twa, twe toee twai twajina
venture, risk, dare durran durran wogen nanþjan, anananþjan, balþjan, gadaúrsan dursan, nanþjan
village þorp, þrop, ham thorp duarp, diarper haims, weihs þurpa
wait weardian wardon, wardian toöwen wenjan wardæ-
want willan wellian, willian wollen wiljan welja
warm wearm warm warm warms warma
water wæter watar wader wato ahwo, mari, watar, waton
we we wi, we wui weis wez, wiz
weak eaþelic, unmihtig, wac lêf swach, swack unmahteigs, gamáiþs
weather weder wedar wiar
wedra
Wednesday wodnesdæg
Geonsdag, Middewieken

week wicu, wucu wika
wiko
west west, westan westan westen wist, wistr, saggqs west
what hwæt hwat wat hvas hwat
wheat hwæte hweti woeden hvaiteis hwaitja
wheel hweol rath


when hwenne, hwænne hwan wann hvan
white hwit hwit witt hveits hweita
who hwa hwe wecker hvas hwiz, hwaz
why hwi, hwy bihwi, hweo, hwiu wat, worüm duhve
wind wind wind wuind winds wenda
window, fenestra fenester
fenster, finster augadauro
wine win win wuin wein winam
winter winter wintar winter wintrus wentr-
with mid mid, midi met, medde miþ
woman mæg frua, wîf fruwwe qino, qens (wife) frawjon
wood weald wald woold waldus, widus walþu
wood, holt holt holt holt triu, widus hulta-
wool wull
wulle wulla wullo
word word word weort waúrd wurda-
world weorold, worold werold welt faírhvus wiraaldo
write scrifan skriban schruiwen gameljan
yellow geolo gelo, gelu gial falws- gelwa-
yesterday geostran, geostra, gierstan
gistern faura-dagis gestra-
you þu thu diu, du þu þu
you ge, je gi jui jus jiz
young geong jung jung juggs junga-






is is is is ist
are sind sind sünd sind

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